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敬请阅读 ICANN 的博文，了解最新政策制定活动和区域事务等等。

联合国秘书长政策报告：ICANN 社群的反馈

2023 年 06 月 13 日
作者：
Veni Markovski

Veni Markovski

VP, Government Engagement - UN NY and Interim Head of Government and IGO Engagement

Veni Markovski is based in New York, and is responsible for the relations with the United Nations, the UN Agencies in New York, and the Permanent Missions to the United Nations.

Veni Markovski has graduated law, but before that, back in September 1990 he started his work on the Internet, as a system operator of the first Sofia-based bulletin-board system, part of FidoNet.
In 1993 Mr. Markovski formed with another of the Bulgarian Internet pioneers, Mr. Dimitar Ganchev, their company - bol.bg, the first commercial Internet service provider in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. Veni Markovski was President and CEO of bol.bg for nine years. The two owners sold the company successfully in 2008 to an international investment fund
In 1995 he co-founded the Bulgarian Internet Society, a non-profit, of which he serves as President and chairman of the Board.
In March 2002 Mr. Markovski was appointed as Chairman of the Bulgarian President's IT Advisory Council, a position he held until the President stepped down from office at the end of his second term on January 22, 2012.
In 2005 he was invited to be the senior international projects adviser to the chairman of the governmental Agency for Information Technologies and communications, a position that he held until 2009. He was also adviser to the Bulgarian national cybersecurity coordinator from 2009 till 2013.

Since the beginning of his career, Veni has been involved in different international organizations and programs on different levels - as project manager, adviser, senior adviser, advocate for policy changes, mediator, board member, etc. He has served on the Boards of CPSR, ISOC, ICANN, among others.
Widely recognized as a computer geek and expert in cyber, Mr. Markovski is a frequent speaker at international conferences, and is often being approached for advice by companies, organizations, and governments.

联合国秘书长最近发布了一份关于《全球数字契约》(Global Digital Compact, GDC) 的政策简报 5，旨在通过《全球数字契约》塑造数字世界的未来。ICANN 政府和国际政府间组织合作 (Government and IGO Engagement, GE) 团队在这篇博文中仔细品读了简报的几个具体要点，以提高大家对简报中可能与 ICANN 社群相关问题的认识。请注意，本文仅供参考。无论本文是否作出了评论，都不应看作是对该政策简报的认可或批评；我们的目的是，在某些假设或解释可能会影响所提议潜在变更的结果的情况下，提出我们的观点或评估。

该政策简报是联合国秘书长对即将于 2024 年举行的“未来峰会”筹备工作提供的一项投入。未来峰会由联合国大会组织，旨在就“...商定多边解决办法，实现更美好的明天...”达成共识。联合国秘书长提出的建议可以丰富未来峰会的讨论。初步阅读之后，我们想强调政策简报中可能与 ICANN 的使命具有特殊关联的一些要点。为便于社群成员更好地理解，下面列出了其中的一些要点和背景信息。

第 21 点：“...这必须是一项集体努力，以确保区域、国家或行业倡议不会使互联网进一步碎片化，无论有多好的初衷。”

背景信息：今天的互联网并没有碎片化，因此很难理解要通过何种举措防止进一步碎片化。

第 25 点：“...我们必须保护互联网的全球性质和支撑互联网的实体基础设施。互联网是由长期建立的多利益相关方机构管理的。虽然各司法管辖区的法律和监管方法可能有所不同，但必须做出协调一致的努力，以保持积极的政策兼容性和互联网的互操作性。”

背景信息：虽然互联网的某些方面是由多利益相关方参与的组织进行协调，但声称互联网由特定机构管理是不准确的。互联网是由网络组成的网络，跨越地方、国家、区域和全球，受各种规则和规定（或缺乏规则和规定）的约束，同时通过通用技术标准保持互操作性。

第 32 点：“互联网协议是通过国际框架和开放标准管理的。”

背景信息：如果简报所述“标准”是我们所理解的标准，则应注意这些标准是由互联网工程任务组 (Internet Engineering Task Force, IETF) 开发但却并非由其管理。如 IETF 网站所述，“IETF 制定的是自愿性标准，这些标准通常被互联网用户、网络运营商和设备供应商采用，以帮助塑造互联网的发展轨迹。但 IETF 绝没有控制互联网，更不是互联网的‘警察’。”此外，如果简报所述“互联网协议”是我们所理解的互联网协议 (Internet Protocol, IP)，那么仅有一个互联网协议 [译注：简报英语版原文为“Internet protocols”，使用了复数形式小写的 protocols]。

第 56 点：“现有的合作机制，特别是 [IGF] 和 [WSIS]，以及联合国实体，包括国际电联、[UNHCHR]、[UNCTAD]、[UNESCO] 和 [UNDP] 将在支持实施方面发挥重要作用，提供有关问题的知识和部门知识、指导和实用专门技能，以促进对话和就商定目标采取行动。”

背景信息：简报将互联网治理论坛 (Internet Governance Forum, IGF) 和信息社会世界峰会 (World Summit on the Information Society, WSIS) 称为“合作机制”，这偏离了它们的实际定义。正如 WSIS 突尼斯议程第 72 条所述，IGF 是一个“多利益相关方政策对话论坛”，在其任务范畴中没有任何地方将其称为“合作机制”。这同样适用于第 56 点中提到的其他架构。有关 WSIS 的更多信息，请访问 GE 出版物页面；建议大家订阅该页面。

第 57 点：“...在数字协调方面零散、不规则的政策讨论...”和“我们需要一个网络化的多边安排...”

背景信息：简报没有提供相关证据来支持数字协调方面“零散”和“不规则”的政策讨论这一说法。互联网几十年来一直高效运行这一事实证明了现有（常规）政策讨论和数字协调的有效性。

第 61 点：联合国秘书长请联合国大会召开“年度数字合作论坛，以支持三方参与并跟进契约的实施。”

背景信息：目前，联合国秘书长负责召开互联网治理论坛 (IGF)。在关于《全球数字契约》(GDC) 的讨论以及各利益相关方提交的讨论中，都强烈支持继续召开 IGF，而召开新的数字合作论坛 (Digital Cooperation Forum, DCF) 这一设想尚未得到广泛讨论。

第 63 点：“例如，互联网治理方面的目标和行动将继续得到互联网治理论坛和相关多利益相关方机构的支持，如互联网名称与数字地址分配机构和互联网工程任务组。”

背景信息：虽然 ICANN 支持并参与互联网治理论坛，但在新的数字合作论坛倡议中，联合国并未就“互联网治理方面的目标和行动”寻求 ICANN 的支持，这是因为数字合作论坛并未明确定义“职能和工作”。

附件一，第 5 点：“......的多利益相关方论坛，特别是互联网名称与数字地址分配机构和互联网工程任务组。”

背景信息：有必要澄清的是，这些组织不是论坛，而是具有特定角色和职能的不同实体。

总之，由于没有向该政策简报提出反馈的流程，因此我们只能将其中提到的一些要点告知 ICANN 社群。这将有助于我们全面了解简报中所提设想的含义和可行性。

Authors

Veni Markovski

Veni Markovski

VP, Government Engagement - UN NY and Interim Head of Government and IGO Engagement
Veni Markovski

Veni Markovski

VP, Government Engagement - UN NY and Interim Head of Government and IGO Engagement

Veni Markovski is based in New York, and is responsible for the relations with the United Nations, the UN Agencies in New York, and the Permanent Missions to the United Nations.

Veni Markovski has graduated law, but before that, back in September 1990 he started his work on the Internet, as a system operator of the first Sofia-based bulletin-board system, part of FidoNet.
In 1993 Mr. Markovski formed with another of the Bulgarian Internet pioneers, Mr. Dimitar Ganchev, their company - bol.bg, the first commercial Internet service provider in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. Veni Markovski was President and CEO of bol.bg for nine years. The two owners sold the company successfully in 2008 to an international investment fund
In 1995 he co-founded the Bulgarian Internet Society, a non-profit, of which he serves as President and chairman of the Board.
In March 2002 Mr. Markovski was appointed as Chairman of the Bulgarian President's IT Advisory Council, a position he held until the President stepped down from office at the end of his second term on January 22, 2012.
In 2005 he was invited to be the senior international projects adviser to the chairman of the governmental Agency for Information Technologies and communications, a position that he held until 2009. He was also adviser to the Bulgarian national cybersecurity coordinator from 2009 till 2013.

Since the beginning of his career, Veni has been involved in different international organizations and programs on different levels - as project manager, adviser, senior adviser, advocate for policy changes, mediator, board member, etc. He has served on the Boards of CPSR, ISOC, ICANN, among others.
Widely recognized as a computer geek and expert in cyber, Mr. Markovski is a frequent speaker at international conferences, and is often being approached for advice by companies, organizations, and governments.

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