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ICANN 博文

敬请阅读 ICANN 的博文，了解最新政策制定活动和区域事务等等。

改善 WHOIS 服务、提供更好体验

2022 年 12 月 15 日
作者：
Theresa Swinehart

Theresa Swinehart

SVP, Global Domains & Strategy

Theresa Swinehart is the Senior Vice President of Global Domains and Strategy. In this role, she works with the community, contracted parties, stakeholders, and policymakers to ensure broad and inclusive engagement, consensus-based policymaking through ICANN’s multistakeholder model, and effective, accountable policy implementation. Her responsibilities include policy implementation, review operation, and cross-functional strategic initiatives such as ICANN’s compliance with the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation. An expert in global Internet governance, Theresa also serves as co-deputy to the President and CEO. Her extensive industry experience, including nearly 20 years as a key contributor to ICANN’s growth and development, gives her a valuable perspective on how ICANN organization can work efficiently and collaboratively to better serve the global Internet community.

Theresa rejoined ICANN after three years as Executive Director of Global Internet Policy at Verizon Communications, where she specialized in emerging issues as well as stakeholder and policy engagement. Prior to this, she served as ICANN’s Vice President of Global and Strategic Partnerships, leading a team responsible for partnership reform, global engagement and outreach, and the participation in international forums. Before ICANN, Theresa was Director of Global E-Commerce at MCI, where she was responsible for such issues as Internet service provider liability, data protection, and participation in Internet-related forums, including the formation of ICANN. 

Theresa has a bachelor’s degree in international relations from the University of California, Davis, a graduate degree in international studies from the University of Vienna, Austria, and a juris doctorate from American University. She served on the Internet Society’s Board of Trustees and Internet Governance Forum’s Multistakeholder Advisory Committee. Theresa began her career in international human rights. She is fluent in German and is conversant in French.

获取通用顶级域 (generic top-level domain, gTLD) 注册信息的方式即将得到改善。新的调整将有助于互联网名称与数字地址分配机构 (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, ICANN) 的认证注册服务机构和 gTLD 注册管理机构（即"签约方"）履行其持续义务，提供针对非公开 gTLD 注册数据的访问，同时改善签约方、数据请求者和其他 WHOIS 用户的体验。

ICANN 社群认识到 WHOIS 协议的局限性，并在 10 多年前要求 ICANN 董事会指示 ICANN 组织为注册数据编制并过渡到下一代协议。注册数据目录服务 (Registration Data Directory Services, RDDS)（俗称 "WHOIS 服务"）将继续由签约方按照 ICANN 的共识性政策负责提供。以下三项举措已于最近实现了重要里程碑。它们共同构成了改善 WHOIS 体验的基础：

  1. 针对基准《gTLD 注册管理机构协议 (gTLD Registry Agreement, RA)》和 2013 年《注册服务机构认证协议 (Registrar Accreditation Agreement, RAA)》的拟议修正案的公共评议期已于上月结束。这些修正案规定了通过注册数据访问协议 (Registration Data Access Protocol, RDAP) 提供 RDDS 的运营要求。这些修正案是我们对互联网社群做出的长期承诺的成果。该承诺要求通过用更优秀的基础技术 RDAP 来取代 WHOIS 协议，从而改善 WHOIS 系统。此举是部分基于安全与稳定咨询委员会在 SAC051 中提出的建议而确定的。总之：用户仍然可以通过 WHOIS 系统访问域名注册数据，但今后该数据将按照 RDAP 协议来提供，使其更加安全并启用更多功能。
  2. 随着政策草案的公共评议期于 12 月 5 日结束，ICANN 的新版注册数据政策也朝着实施又迈进了一步。ICANN 社群负责制定了新版《注册数据共识性政策 (Registration Data Consensus Policy)》，旨在使签约方能够遵守欧盟颁布的《通用数据保护条例 (General Data Protection Regulation, GDPR)》和其他适用数据保护法律，并使每个注册数据元素的处理方式更加明确。新政策落实了 ICANN 董事会的三项决议和修正案中针对 20 项受到影响的政策和程序提出的 34 项政策建议，包括更新的 RDAP 的简介。
  3. 鉴于董事会将于 2023 年 1 月投票表决，因此 ICANN 正在开始筹备，以推进新系统的实施，精简对非公开 gTLD 注册数据访问请求的受理和路由。此前，通用名称支持组织 (Generic Names Supporting Organization, GNSO) 理事会曾建议，ICANN 组织实施该系统将有助于 ICANN 董事会与 GNSO 理事会就有关标准化访问/披露系统 (System for Standardized Access/Disclosure, SSAD) 的未决政策建议展开对话。该系统以 WHOIS 披露系统设计文件中提出的设计为基础。这份文件是按照向 GNSO 理事会提供咨询的 GNSO 小组提出的要求而编写的。新系统是一个使用测试用例；ICANN 认证注册服务机构均可自愿参加。互联网用户和注册服务机构将预计看到一个更精简、更容易的申请和批准访问非公开数据的程序。ICANN 对该系统的实施不会取代或破坏自下而上、基于共识的多利益相关方政策制定流程。一旦实施工作启动，ICANN 将与 GNSO 小组和广大社群展开密切合作。

综合来看，这些进展应使得 ICANN 社群能够做好准备，应对针对访问公共 gTLD 注册数据、请求访问注册服务机构持有的非公开 gTLD 注册数据的各项调整。

Authors

Theresa Swinehart

Theresa Swinehart

SVP, Global Domains & Strategy
Theresa Swinehart

Theresa Swinehart

SVP, Global Domains & Strategy

Theresa Swinehart is the Senior Vice President of Global Domains and Strategy. In this role, she works with the community, contracted parties, stakeholders, and policymakers to ensure broad and inclusive engagement, consensus-based policymaking through ICANN’s multistakeholder model, and effective, accountable policy implementation. Her responsibilities include policy implementation, review operation, and cross-functional strategic initiatives such as ICANN’s compliance with the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation. An expert in global Internet governance, Theresa also serves as co-deputy to the President and CEO. Her extensive industry experience, including nearly 20 years as a key contributor to ICANN’s growth and development, gives her a valuable perspective on how ICANN organization can work efficiently and collaboratively to better serve the global Internet community.

Theresa rejoined ICANN after three years as Executive Director of Global Internet Policy at Verizon Communications, where she specialized in emerging issues as well as stakeholder and policy engagement. Prior to this, she served as ICANN’s Vice President of Global and Strategic Partnerships, leading a team responsible for partnership reform, global engagement and outreach, and the participation in international forums. Before ICANN, Theresa was Director of Global E-Commerce at MCI, where she was responsible for such issues as Internet service provider liability, data protection, and participation in Internet-related forums, including the formation of ICANN. 

Theresa has a bachelor’s degree in international relations from the University of California, Davis, a graduate degree in international studies from the University of Vienna, Austria, and a juris doctorate from American University. She served on the Internet Society’s Board of Trustees and Internet Governance Forum’s Multistakeholder Advisory Committee. Theresa began her career in international human rights. She is fluent in German and is conversant in French.

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