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Roy Arends

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Principal Research Scientist

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Delina Watson

United States of America

Sr. Project Coordinator

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Lauren Israel

United States of America

Operations Associate Manager

Staff
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Moises Cirilo

United States of America

Lead Infrastructure Engineer

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Brian Aitchison

United States of America

Research Manager

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Kimberly Carlson

United States of America

Policy Operations Specialist (ccNSO)

Staff
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Seda Akbulut

Türkiye, Republic of

Universal Acceptance (UA) Program Manager

Staff
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Luna Madi

Türkiye, Republic of

Sr. Director, EMEA Communications

Staff
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Brenda Brewer

United States of America

Policy Operations Coordinator

Staff
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Aisha Herrell

United States of America

Global Support Analyst III

Staff
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Aline Menezes

United States of America

Sr. Lead Infrastructure Engineer

Staff
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Alex Hutson

United States of America

Senior Program Manager

Staff
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Maryam Bakoshi

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Project Manager II

Staff
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Amanda Rose

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Lead

Staff
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Andrew McConachie

Netherlands

Policy Development and Technology Director

Staff
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Joke Braeken

Germany

Policy Development Support Senior Manager (ccNSO)

Staff
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Mukesh Chulani

Türkiye, Republic of

GDD Programs Director

Staff
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Richard Mannino

United States of America

Operations Sr. Specialist

Staff
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May Kim

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Senior Specialist

Staff
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Noah Ross

United States of America

Director, Software Engineering

Staff
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Sherwood Moore

United States of America

Review Support & Accountability Senior Manager

Staff
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Gustavo Jimenez

United States of America

Sr. Staff QA Engineer

Staff
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Simon Raveh

United States of America

Vice President, Software Engineering

Staff
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Jean-Baptiste Deroulez

Belgium

Review Support & Accountability Associate Project Manager

Staff
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Siranush Vardanyan

United States of America

Fellowship Program Manager

Staff
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Sarmad Hussain

Pakistan

Senior Director IDN and UA Programs

Staff
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Samuel Suh

United States of America

VP, Strategic Projects & Back Office Systems

Staff
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Charmayne Adams

United States of America

Sr. Payroll Administrator

Staff
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Hina Sattar

United States of America

Global Support Associate Manager

Staff
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Jared Erwin

United States of America

Director, New gTLD Program

CommunityStaff
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Jia-Juh Kimoto

United States of America

Project Manager I

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Marc Salvatierra

United States of America

Sr. Product Manager 2

Staff
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Natalie Schoer

United States of America

Creative Services Manager

Staff
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Rob Hoggarth

United States of America

VP, Policy Development & GAC Relations

Staff
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Xavier Calvez

United States of America

SVP, Planning & Chief Financial Officer (CFO)

Staff
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Laura Bengford

United States of America

Director, Relationship & Delivery Management

Staff
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Carlos Reyes

United States of America

Sr. Policy Director, Community Operations and Programs

Staff
Profile image for David Olive

David Olive

United States of America

SVP, Policy Development Support & Managing Director - Washington, D.C.

Staff
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Bart Boswinkel

Netherlands

VP, Policy Development & ccNSO Relations

Staff
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Patrick Jones

United States of America

VP, Global Stakeholder Engagement

Staff
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Daniel Halloran

United States of America

Deputy General Counsel and Chief Data Protection Officer

Staff
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Josh Jenkins

United States of America

Sr. Infrastructure Engineer 2 - Network

Staff
Profile image for Christina Rodriguez

Christina Rodriguez

United States of America

Sr. Director, Language Services

Staff
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Eleeza Agopian

United States of America

Vice President, Strategic Initiatives

Staff
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Yan Agranonik

United States of America

Sr. Manager, Contractual Compliance Risk & Audit

Staff
Profile image for Sawsan Aldawodi

Sawsan Aldawodi

United States of America

Senior Language Expert - Head Interpreter

Staff
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Steve Allison

United States of America

Director, Relationship & Delivery Management

Staff
Profile image for Carlos Alvarez

Carlos Alvarez

United States of America

Trust and Public Safety Engagement Director

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."