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Profile image for Michael Karakash

Michael Karakash

United States of America

Sr. Policy Research Manager

Staff
Profile image for Charmaine Lim

Charmaine Lim

Singapore

Contractual Compliance Senior Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Dan Jones

Dan Jones

United States of America

Sr. Software Engineer 1

Staff
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Alex Morshed

United States of America

Sr. Manager, Financial Planning & Analysis

Staff
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Justin Ho

United States of America

GDD Services Manager

Staff
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Charlotte Anongos

United States of America

Sr. Software Engineer 1

Staff
Profile image for Vera Major

Vera Major

Switzerland

Government and IGO Engagement Manager

Staff
Profile image for Jian Chuan Zhang

Jian Chuan Zhang

China

Head of China

Staff
Profile image for Josie Wolfer

Josie Wolfer

United States of America

Legal Compliance Program Manager

Staff
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Magali Jean

Belgium

Regional Operations Specialist, EMEA

Staff
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Policy Staff

Staff
Profile image for Marie Ngo

Marie Ngo

United States of America

Senior Manager, Global HR Operations

Staff
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Rob Gomez

United States of America

Vendor Management Sr. Specialist

Staff
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Andee Hill

United States of America

Director, GDD Accounts

Staff
Profile image for Holida Yanik

Holida Yanik

Türkiye, Republic of

Contractual Compliance Lead

Staff
Profile image for Laurent Ferrali

Laurent Ferrali

Belgium

Government and IGO Engagement Senior Director

Staff
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Cynthia Roman

United States of America

Billing, Accounts Receivable and Collections Specialist II

Staff
Profile image for Isabelle Colas

Isabelle Colas

United States of America

Sr. Manager, Policy Research & Stakeholder Programs

Staff
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Sally Newell Cohen

United States of America

SVP, Global Communications

Staff
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Mauro Lozano

United States of America

Lead Infrastructure Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Annie Johnson

Annie Johnson

United States of America

Sr. Director, Global Compensation & Benefits

Staff
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Sheila Johnson

United States of America

Deputy General Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Danielle Gordon

Danielle Gordon

United States of America

GDD Services Senior Manager

Staff
Profile image for Shruti Shah

Shruti Shah

United States of America

Staff Software Engineer

Staff
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Pete Elsesser

United States of America

Senior End User Support 1

Staff
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Julie Peek

United States of America

Senior Administrative Assistant

Staff
Profile image for Anthony Bruneio

Anthony Bruneio

United States of America

Senior End User Support 1

Staff
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Samaneh Tajalizadehkhoob

Netherlands

Director, Security, Stability and Resiliency Research

Staff
Profile image for Andrew Chen

Andrew Chen

United States of America

Policy Development Support Sr. Specialist

Staff
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Jeff Chen

United States of America

Staff Software Engineer, QA Automation

Staff
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Paola Gloria

United States of America

Staff Software Engineer, QA Automation

Staff
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Jeffri Barnard

United States of America

Sr. Payroll Administrator

Staff
Profile image for Jin Zhang

Jin Zhang

United States of America

Staff Software Engineer

Staff
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Eli Khan

United States of America

Document Control Specialist

Staff
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James Mitchell

United States of America

Director, IANA Technical Services

Staff
Profile image for Alexey Trepykhalin

Alexey Trepykhalin

United States of America

Government and IGO Engagement Manager

Staff
Profile image for Sara Sarraf

Sara Sarraf

United States of America

Executive Assistant

Staff
Profile image for Jane Stark

Jane Stark

United States of America

Global Sr. HR Business Partner

Staff
Profile image for Becky McGilley

Becky McGilley

United States of America

Government and IGO Engagement Director

Staff
Profile image for Adam Szatyina

Adam Szatyina

United States of America

Procurement Manager

Staff
Profile image for Catherine Maleki

Catherine Maleki

United States of America

Sr. Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Sarah Zagha

Sarah Zagha

United States of America

Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Mariana Solano

Mariana Solano

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Margaret Benavides

Margaret Benavides

United States of America

Planning Manager

Staff
Profile image for Marika Konings

Marika Konings

Belgium

VP, New gTLD Program Lead

Staff
Profile image for Michael Knigge

Michael Knigge

United States of America

Writer

Staff
Profile image for Samantha Mancia

Samantha Mancia

United States of America

Project Manager I

Staff
Profile image for Jill Ladwig

Jill Ladwig

United States of America

Writer

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."