This document is mechanically formatted from the XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.
Date | 2016-08-30 |
---|---|
LGR Version | 1 |
Language | lav-Latn |
Unicode Version | 6.3.0 |
This document specifies a reference set of Label Generation Rules for Latvian using a limited repertoire as appropriate for a second level domain.
Nearly all references converge on 39 Latin code points with no extensions or exclusions.
There is no IDN table published in the IANA Repository of IDN Practices for the .lv ccTLD but the IDN extensions are spelled out in the registry's policy [700]. They match the repertoire specified here.
None.
None.
The four letters 'q', 'w', 'x' and 'y' are not part of the core alphabet for Latvian. However, they are included here as part of the core repertoire because of their use in representing foreign words, brand names and other common uses such as "www" in domain names. The two letters o-macron and r-cedilla which, while no longer part of the modern alphabet, are said to still be in use in the diaspora [605] and therefore included in the core repertoire.
None.
This LGR defines no named character classes.
Common rules only:
Hyphen Restrictions — restrictions on the allowable placement of hyphens (no leading/ending hyphen and no hyphen in positions 3 and 4). These restrictions are described in section 4.2.3.1 of RFC5891 [120]. They are implemented here as context rule on U+002D (-) (-) HYPHEN-MINUS.
Leading Combining Marks — restrictions on the allowable placement of combining marks (no leading combining mark). This rule is described in section 4.2.3.2 of RFC5891 [120].
Actions included are the default actions for LGRs as well as those needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks.
This reference LGR for Latvian for the 2nd Level has been developed by Michel Suignard and Asmus Freytag, verified in expert reviews by Michael Everson, Nicholas Ostler, and Wil Tan, and based on multiple open public consultations.
General references for the language:
Latvijas Valsts Standarts LVS 24-93, Informācijas tehnoloģija, valodas lietošana datoros: Latviešu valoda datoriem, 1993
Turkina, E. 1982. Latviešu-angļu vārdnīca = Latvian-English dictionary. Rīga: Avots
Wikipedia: "Latvian orthography",
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_alphabet
Omniglot: "Latvian (latviešu valoda)"
http://www.omniglot.com/writing/latvian.htm
In the listing of the repertoire by code point, references starting from [0] refer to the version of the Unicode Standard in which the corresponding code point was initially encoded. Other references (starting from [100]) document usage of code points. For more details, see the Table of References below.
Number of elements in Repertoire | 50 |
---|---|
Total entries in table | 50 |
Longest code point sequence | 1 |
The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.
Code Point |
Glyph | Script | Name | References | Tags | Required Context | Part of Repertoire |
Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U+002D | - | Common | HYPHEN-MINUS | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Zyyy | not: hyphen-minus-disallowed | ✔ | |
U+0030 | 0 | Common | DIGIT ZERO | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Zyyy | ✔ | ||
U+0031 | 1 | Common | DIGIT ONE | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Zyyy | ✔ | ||
U+0032 | 2 | Common | DIGIT TWO | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Zyyy | ✔ | ||
U+0033 | 3 | Common | DIGIT THREE | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Zyyy | ✔ | ||
U+0034 | 4 | Common | DIGIT FOUR | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Zyyy | ✔ | ||
U+0035 | 5 | Common | DIGIT FIVE | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Zyyy | ✔ | ||
U+0036 | 6 | Common | DIGIT SIX | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Zyyy | ✔ | ||
U+0037 | 7 | Common | DIGIT SEVEN | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Zyyy | ✔ | ||
U+0038 | 8 | Common | DIGIT EIGHT | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Zyyy | ✔ | ||
U+0039 | 9 | Common | DIGIT NINE | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Zyyy | ✔ | ||
U+0061 | a | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0062 | b | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER B | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0063 | c | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER C | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0064 | d | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER D | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0065 | e | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0066 | f | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER F | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0067 | g | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER G | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0068 | h | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER H | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0069 | i | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER I | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+006A | j | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER J | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+006B | k | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER K | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+006C | l | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER L | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+006D | m | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER M | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+006E | n | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER N | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+006F | o | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0070 | p | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER P | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0071 | q | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Q | [0], [302], [402], [600], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0072 | r | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER R | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0073 | s | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER S | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0074 | t | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER T | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0075 | u | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0076 | v | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER V | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0077 | w | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER W | [0], [302], [402], [600], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0078 | x | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER X | [0], [302], [402], [600], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0079 | y | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Y | [0], [301], [402], [600], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+007A | z | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Z | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0101 | ā | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH MACRON | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [604], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+010D | č | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CARON | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [604], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0113 | ē | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [604], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0123 | ģ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [604], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+012B | ī | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [604], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0137 | ķ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [604], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+013C | ļ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [604], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0146 | ņ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [604], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+014D | ō | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON | [0], [100], [200], [301], [402], [605], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0157 | ŗ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA | [0], [100], [200], [301], [402], [605], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+0161 | š | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [604], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+016B | ū | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [604], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ | ||
U+017E | ž | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [604], [700] | sc:Latn | ✔ |
Legend
This LGR does not specify any variants.
The following table lists all named classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).
Name | Definition | Count | Members or Ranges | Ref | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
implicit | Tag=sc:Latn | 39 Elements: | {0061-007A 0101 010D 0113 0123 012B 0137 013C 0146 014D 0157 0161 016B 017E} | ||
implicit | Tag=sc:Zyyy | 11 Elements: | {002D 0030-0039} |
Legend
The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point. (Any use of context rules for variants is not indicated).
Name | Used as Trigger |
Used as Context |
Anchor | Regular Expression | Ref | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
leading-combining-mark | ✔ | (^[∅=[[∅=\p{gc=Mn}][∅=\p{gc=Mc}]]]) |
[120] | RFC5891 restrictions on placement of combining marks | ||
hyphen-minus-disallowed | ✔ | ✔ | ((((?<=^)⚓)|(⚓(?=$))|((?<=^..\u002D)⚓))) |
[120] | RFC5891 restrictions on placement of U+002D | |
extended-cp | (^$) |
code points from the extended range |
Legend
Note: The following rules are defined but not used in this LGR: extended-cp.
The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels, based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.
# | Condition | Rule / Variant Set | Disposition | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | if label matches | leading-combining-mark | → | invalid | by default, labels with leading combining marks are invalid | |
2 | if any label (catch-all) | → | valid | catch all |
Legend
[0] | The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3.0,
(Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2013. ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5)
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/ Code points cited were originally encoded in Unicode Version 1.1 |
[100] | Internetstiftelsen i Sverige (IIS), "IDN Reference table for Latvian language"
https://github.com/dotse/IDN-ref-tables/blob/master/language-tables/Latvian-lang-ref-table.txt |
[120] | RFC5891, Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA): Protocol http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891 |
[200] | ISO/IEC 6937 Third Ed. 2001-12-17- Information
technology — Coded graphic character set for text communication — Latin alphabet: Table D.1 (p 35) Use of Latin alphabetic characters. This table lists only the characters outside the set a-z. Some obvious typographical errors have been corrected. |
[301] | Everson, Michael. The Alphabets of Europe: "Latvian" http://www.evertype.com/alphabets/latvianc.pdf Code points cited form the standard set |
[302] | Everson, Michael. The Alphabets of Europe: "Latvian" http://www.evertype.com/alphabets/latvianc.pdf Code points cited are from an extended set |
[304] | Everson, Michael. The Alphabets of Europe: "Latvian" http://www.evertype.com/alphabets/latvianc.pdf Code points cited are rare or archaic |
[401] | The Unicode Consortium, Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR) Version 28 (2015-09-16) -
Locale Data Summary for Latvian [lv] http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/28/summary/lv.html Code points cited are from the set of Main Letters |
[402] | The Unicode Consortium, Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR) Version 28 (2015-09-16) -
Locale Data Summary for Latvian [lv] http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/28/summary/lv.html Code points cited are from the Auxiliary set |
[600] | Table "Reduced usage of the letters of the ISO Basic Latin
alphabet (A-Z) in various alphabets " in Wikipedia: "Latin alphabets"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabets accessed 2015-10-31. Code points cited are omitted from the basic Latin set A-Z according to the table. |
[601] | Table "Reduced usage of the letters of the
ISO Basic Latin alphabet (A-Z) in various alphabets " in Wikipedia: "Latin Alphabets" in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabets accessed 2015-10-31. Code points cited from the basic set from A-Z are included in the alphabet according to the table. |
[604] | Wikipedia: "Latin Alphabets" in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabets accessed 2015-10-31. The table only lists code points beyond A-Z |
[605] | Wikipedia: "Latvian orthography"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_orthography Code points cited are cited for continued used in diaspora, but not part of modern alphabet in the country |
[700] | IMCS UL Network Solutions Department (NIC - Network Information Centre) "Policy for acquisition of the right to use domain names under the top level domain .lv". Riga, 2009-07-01, amended 2014-01-01 http://tūdaliņ.lv/resource/show/53 |