This document is mechanically formatted from the XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.
Date | 2017-06-01 |
---|---|
LGR Version | 2 |
Language | und-Khmr |
Scope | domain: "." (Root) |
Unicode Version | 6.3.0 |
This file contains Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Khmer script as would be appropriate for the Root zone. For more details on this LGR see "Proposal for a Khmer Script Root Zone LGR [Proposal]". The format of this file follows [RFC 7940].
In addition to the 71 code points according to Section 5 "Repertoire", in [Proposal], two Khmer subscript consonant sequences have been defined. The repertoire only includes code points used by languages that are actively written in the Khmer script. The repertoire is based on [MSR-2], which is a subset of Unicode 6.3 [Unicode 6.3].
Each code point or range is tagged with the script or scripts that the code point is used with, and one or more references documenting sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire, see "References" below.
According to Section 6 "Variants", in [Proposal], two Khmer consonants are variants of each other in their subscript form only. This is captured by a variant relation between the two subscript sequences, which are listed explicitly in the repertoire.
Some consonants have been given the tag "base-only"; these do not take subscript form.
The character U+17C9 (៉) KHMER SIGN MUUSIKATOAN is used with a subset of first series consonants, code points from this subset have been given the tag "series-one".
The character U+17CA (៊) KHMER SIGN TRIISAP is used with subset of second series consonants and with U+1794 (ប) KHMER LETTER BA. Code points from this subset have been given the tag "series-two". The series, and the sets of code points used with these two signs are defined in [210]. The character U+17CB (់) KHMER SIGN BANTOC is used with a subset of consonants, that subset has been given the tag "series-three" [205]. The characters U+17C9 (៉) KHMER SIGN MUUSIKATOAN and U+17CA (៊) KHMER SIGN TRIISAP are collectively known as consonant shifters and have been given the tag "shifter".
The character U+17CC (៌) KHMER SIGN ROBAT has been given the tag "robat".
The character U+17C6 (ំ) KHMER SIGN NIKAHIT is used with consonants and some dependent vowels. These dependent vowels have been given a tag "dependent-vowel-1" (see Section 5.3 in [Proposal]). The character U+17C7 (ះ) KHMER SIGN REAHMUK is used with consonants and some dependent vowels. These dependent vowels have been given a tag "dependent-vowel-2" (see Section 5.3 in [Proposal]). The code point U+17B7 (ិ) KHMER VOWEL SIGN I has been given a tag "dependent-vowel-3".
The LGR includes the set of required default WLE rules and actions applicable to the Root Zone and defined in [MSR-2]. They are marked with ⍟. The default prohibition on leading combining marks is equivalent to ensuring that a label only starts with a consonant or independent-vowel.
Rules provided in the LGR as described in Section 7 of [Proposal] reasonably restrict labels so that they conform to Khmer syllable structure. These constraints are presented as context rules, except for the limit on the number of consecutive subscripted consonants.
The rules are:
For methodology and contributors, see Sections 4 and 8 of [Proposal].
Reference [3] refers to Unicode Standard versions in which corresponding code points were initially encoded. References [100], [203], [204], [205], [206], [207], [208], [209] & [210] correspond to sources justifying the inclusion of or classification for the corresponding code points. Single code point or ranges may have multiple source reference values.
In addition the following references are cited in this document:
For more details for references [100] and up and [3] and up refer to the Table of References below.
Number of elements in Repertoire | 73 |
---|---|
Longest code point sequence | 2 |
Number of code points | 71 |
Number of sequences | 2 |
The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.
For any code point or sequence for which a variant is defined, additional information is provided in the Variants column. See also the legend provided below the table.
Code Point |
Glyph | Script | Name | References | Tags | Required Context | Variants | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U+1780 | ក | Khmer | KHMER LETTER KA | [3], [203], [205] | consonant series-three | Khmer | ||
U+1781 | ខ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER KHA | [3], [203] | consonant | Khmer | ||
U+1782 | គ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER KO | [3], [203] | consonant | Khmer | ||
U+1783 | ឃ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER KHO | [3], [203] | consonant | Khmer | ||
U+1784 | ង | Khmer | KHMER LETTER NGO | [3], [203], [205], [210] | consonant series-three series-two | Khmer | ||
U+1785 | ច | Khmer | KHMER LETTER CA | [3], [203], [205] | consonant series-three | Khmer | ||
U+1786 | ឆ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER CHA | [3], [203] | consonant | Khmer | ||
U+1787 | ជ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER CO | [3], [203] | consonant | Khmer | ||
U+1788 | ឈ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER CHO | [3], [203] | consonant | Khmer | ||
U+1789 | ញ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER NYO | [3], [203], [205], [210] | consonant series-three series-two | Khmer | ||
U+178A | ដ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER DA | [3], [203] | consonant | Khmer | ||
U+178B | ឋ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER TTHA | [3], [203] | consonant | Khmer | ||
U+178C | ឌ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER DO | [3], [203] | consonant | Khmer | ||
U+178D | ឍ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER TTHO | [3], [203] | consonant | Khmer | ||
U+178E | ណ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER NNO | [3], [203] | consonant | Khmer | ||
U+178F | ត | Khmer | KHMER LETTER TA | [3], [203], [205] | consonant series-three | Khmer | ||
U+1790 | ថ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER THA | [3], [203] | consonant | Khmer | ||
U+1791 | ទ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER TO | [3], [203] | consonant | Khmer | ||
U+1792 | ធ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER THO | [3], [203] | consonant | Khmer | ||
U+1793 | ន | Khmer | KHMER LETTER NO | [3], [203], [205] | consonant series-three | Khmer | ||
U+1794 | ប | Khmer | KHMER LETTER BA | [3], [203], [205], [210] | consonant series-three series-two series-one | Khmer | ||
U+1795 | ផ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER PHA | [3], [203] | consonant | Khmer | ||
U+1796 | ព | Khmer | KHMER LETTER PO | [3], [203] | consonant | Khmer | ||
U+1797 | ភ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER PHO | [3], [203] | consonant | Khmer | ||
U+1798 | ម | Khmer | KHMER LETTER MO | [3], [203], [210] | consonant series-two | Khmer | ||
U+1799 | យ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER YO | [3], [203], [210] | consonant series-two | Khmer | ||
U+179A | រ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER RO | [3], [203], [210] | consonant series-two | Khmer | ||
U+179B | ល | Khmer | KHMER LETTER LO | [3], [203], [205] | consonant series-three | Khmer | ||
U+179C | វ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER VO | [3], [203], [210] | consonant series-two | Khmer | ||
U+179F | ស | Khmer | KHMER LETTER SA | [3], [203], [205], [210] | consonant series-three series-one | Khmer | ||
U+17A0 | ហ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER HA | [3], [203], [210] | consonant series-one | Khmer | ||
U+17A1 | ឡ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER LA | [3], [203] | consonant base-only | Khmer | ||
U+17A2 | អ | Khmer | KHMER LETTER QA | [3], [203], [210] | consonant series-one | Khmer | ||
U+17A5 | ឥ | Khmer | KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QI | [3], [206] | independent-vowel | Khmer | ||
U+17A6 | ឦ | Khmer | KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QII | [3], [206] | independent-vowel | Khmer | ||
U+17A7 | ឧ | Khmer | KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QU | [3], [206] | independent-vowel | Khmer | ||
U+17AA | ឪ | Khmer | KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QUUV | [3], [206] | independent-vowel | Khmer | ||
U+17AB | ឫ | Khmer | KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL RY | [3], [206] | independent-vowel | Khmer | ||
U+17AC | ឬ | Khmer | KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL RYY | [3], [206] | independent-vowel | Khmer | ||
U+17AD | ឭ | Khmer | KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL LY | [3], [206] | independent-vowel | Khmer | ||
U+17AE | ឮ | Khmer | KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL LYY | [3], [206] | independent-vowel | Khmer | ||
U+17AF | ឯ | Khmer | KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QE | [3], [206] | independent-vowel | Khmer | ||
U+17B0 | ឰ | Khmer | KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QAI | [3], [206] | independent-vowel | Khmer | ||
U+17B1 | ឱ | Khmer | KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QOO TYPE ONE | [3], [206] | independent-vowel | Khmer | ||
U+17B3 | ឳ | Khmer | KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QAU | [3], [206] | independent-vowel | Khmer | ||
U+17B6 | ា | Khmer | KHMER VOWEL SIGN AA | [3], [204] | dependent-vowel dependent-vowel-1 | follows-consonant-robat-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17B7 | ិ | Khmer | KHMER VOWEL SIGN I | [3], [204] | dependent-vowel dependent-vowel-2 dependent-vowel-3 | follows-consonant-robat-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17B8 | ី | Khmer | KHMER VOWEL SIGN II | [3], [204] | dependent-vowel | follows-consonant-robat-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17B9 | ឹ | Khmer | KHMER VOWEL SIGN Y | [3], [204] | dependent-vowel dependent-vowel-2 | follows-consonant-robat-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17BA | ឺ | Khmer | KHMER VOWEL SIGN YY | [3], [204] | dependent-vowel | follows-consonant-robat-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17BB | ុ | Khmer | KHMER VOWEL SIGN U | [3], [204] | dependent-vowel dependent-vowel-1 dependent-vowel-2 | follows-consonant-robat-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17BC | ូ | Khmer | KHMER VOWEL SIGN UU | [3], [204] | dependent-vowel | follows-consonant-robat-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17BD | ួ | Khmer | KHMER VOWEL SIGN UA | [3], [204] | dependent-vowel | follows-consonant-robat-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17BE | ើ | Khmer | KHMER VOWEL SIGN OE | [3], [204] | dependent-vowel | follows-consonant-robat-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17BF | ឿ | Khmer | KHMER VOWEL SIGN YA | [3], [204] | dependent-vowel | follows-consonant-robat-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17C0 | ៀ | Khmer | KHMER VOWEL SIGN IE | [3], [204] | dependent-vowel | follows-consonant-robat-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17C1 | េ | Khmer | KHMER VOWEL SIGN E | [3], [204] | dependent-vowel dependent-vowel-2 | follows-consonant-robat-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17C2 | ែ | Khmer | KHMER VOWEL SIGN AE | [3], [204] | dependent-vowel | follows-consonant-robat-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17C3 | ៃ | Khmer | KHMER VOWEL SIGN AI | [3], [204] | dependent-vowel | follows-consonant-robat-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17C4 | ោ | Khmer | KHMER VOWEL SIGN OO | [3], [204] | dependent-vowel dependent-vowel-2 | follows-consonant-robat-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17C5 | ៅ | Khmer | KHMER VOWEL SIGN AU | [3], [204] | dependent-vowel | follows-consonant-robat-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17C6 | ំ | Khmer | KHMER SIGN NIKAHIT | [3], [204] | sign | follows-consonant-depvowel-1-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17C7 | ះ | Khmer | KHMER SIGN REAHMUK | [3], [208] | sign | follows-consonant-depvowel-2-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17C8 | ៈ | Khmer | KHMER SIGN YUUKALEAPINTU | [3], [207], [208], [209] | sign | follows-consonant | Khmer | |
U+17C9 | ៉ | Khmer | KHMER SIGN MUUSIKATOAN | [3], [207], [208], [209], [210] | shifter | follows-series-two | Khmer | |
U+17CA | ៊ | Khmer | KHMER SIGN TRIISAP | [3], [207], [208], [209], [210] | shifter | follows-series-one | Khmer | |
U+17CB | ់ | Khmer | KHMER SIGN BANTOC | [3], [205], [207], [208], [209] | sign | follows-series-three | Khmer | |
U+17CC | ៌ | Khmer | KHMER SIGN ROBAT | [3], [207], [208], [209] | robat | follows-consonant | Khmer | |
U+17CD | ៍ | Khmer | KHMER SIGN TOANDAKHIAT | [3], [207], [208], [209] | sign | follows-consonant-or-vowel-i | Khmer | |
U+17D0 | ័ | Khmer | KHMER SIGN SAMYOK SANNYA | [3], [207], [208], [209] | sign | follows-consonant-shifter | Khmer | |
U+17D2 | ្ | Khmer | KHMER SIGN COENG | [3], [100] | coeng | coeng-context | Khmer | |
U+17D2 U+178A | ្ដ | KHMER CONSONANT SIGN COENG DA | [3] | follows-consonant | set 1 | Khmer | ||
U+17D2 U+178F | ្ត | KHMER CONSONANT SIGN COENG TA | [3] | follows-consonant | set 1 | Khmer |
Legend
Throughout this LGR, a code point sequence may be annotated with a string in ALL CAPS that is constructed on the same principle as a name for a Unicode Named Sequence. No claim is made that a sequence thus annotated is in fact a named sequence, nor that the annotation in such case actually corresponds to the formal name of a named sequence.
Number of variant sets | 1 |
---|---|
Largest variant set | 2 |
Ordinary Variants by Type | blocked (2) |
Reflexive Variants by Type |
The following tables list all variant sets defined in this LGR, except for singleton sets. Each table lists all variant mapping pairs of the set; one per row. Mappings are assumed to be symmetric: each row documents both forward (→) and reverse (←) mapping directions. In each table, the mappings are sorted by Source value in ascending code point order; shading is used to group mappings from the same source code point or sequence.
Where the type of both forward and reverse mappings are the same, a single value is given in the Type(s) column, otherwise the types for forward and reverse mappings, as well as comments and references are listed above one another.
In any LGR with variant specifications that are well behaved, all members within each variant set are defined as variants of each other; the mappings in each set are symmetric and transitive; and all variant sets are disjoint.
Common Legend
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type(s) | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
17D2 178A | ្ដ | 17D2 178F | ្ត | ↔ | blocked | subscript forms are homoglyphs |
The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).
Name | Definition | Count | Members or Ranges | Ref | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
consonant | Tag=consonant | 33 Elements: | {1780-179C 179F-17A2} | Any consonant | |
consonant-but-not-base-only | combined = [[:consonant:]-[:base-only:]] |
32 Elements: | {1780-179C 179F-17A0 17A2} | Any consonant that is not base-only | |
dependent-vowel-1 | Tag=dependent-vowel-1 | 2 Elements: | {17B6 17BB} | ||
dependent-vowel-2 | Tag=dependent-vowel-2 | 5 Elements: | {17B7 17B9 17BB 17C1 17C4} | ||
dependent-vowel-3 | Tag=dependent-vowel-3 | 1 Elements: | {17B7} | ||
robat | Tag=robat | 1 Elements: | {17CC} | ||
series-one | Tag=series-one | 4 Elements: | {1794 179F-17A0 17A2} | ||
series-three | Tag=series-three | 9 Elements: | {1780 1784-1785 1789 178F 1793-1794 179B 179F} | ||
series-two | Tag=series-two | 7 Elements: | {1784 1789 1794 1798-179A 179C} | ||
shifter | Tag=shifter | 2 Elements: | {17C9-17CA} | ||
implicit | Tag=base-only | 1 Elements: | {17A1} | ||
implicit | Tag=independent-vowel | 12 Elements: | {17A5-17A7 17AA-17B1 17B3} | ||
implicit | Tag=dependent-vowel | 16 Elements: | {17B6-17C5} | ||
implicit | Tag=sign | 6 Elements: | {17C6-17C8 17CB 17CD 17D0} | ||
implicit | Tag=coeng | 1 Elements: | {17D2} | ||
implicit | Tag=sc:Khmr | 71 Elements: | {1780-179C 179F-17A2 17A5-17A7 17AA-17B1 17B3 17B6-17CD 17D0 17D2} |
Legend
The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point. (Any use of context rules for variants is not indicated).
Name | Used as Trigger |
Used as Context |
Anchor | Regular Expression | Ref | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
leading-combining-mark | ✔ | (^[[\p{gc=Mn}][\p{gc=Mc}]]) |
Default WLE rule from MSR-2 matching labels with leading combining marks ⍟ | |||
subscript-consonant | (\u17D2[:consonant-but-not-base-only:]) |
WLE Rule 2: allowable subscript consonant sequence | ||||
subscript-consonant-limit | ✔ | ((:subscript-consonant:){3,3}) |
WLE Rule 3: more than two subscript consonants | |||
coeng-context | ✔ | ✔ | ((?<=[:consonant:])⚓(?=[:consonant-but-not-base-only:])) |
WLE Rule 4: checks for 17D2 and its surrounding code points | ||
follows-consonant-robat-shifter | ✔ | ✔ | ((?<=([:shifter:]|[:consonant:]|[:robat:]))⚓) |
WLE Rule 5: makes sure that dependent vowel follows a consonant or a shifter or a robat | ||
follows-series-two | ✔ | ✔ | ((?<=[:series-two:])⚓) |
WLE Rule 6: checks sequence for shifter 17C9 MUUSIKATOAN | ||
follows-series-one | ✔ | ✔ | ((?<=[:series-one:])⚓) |
WLE Rule 7: checks sequence for shifter 17CA TRIISAP | ||
follows-consonant | ✔ | ✔ | ((?<=[:consonant:])⚓) |
WLE Rule 8: checks if sign code point or subscript consonant follows a consonant | ||
follows-consonant-shifter | ✔ | ✔ | ((?<=([:consonant:]|[:shifter:]))⚓) |
WLE Rule 9: checks if 17D0 KHMER SIGN SAMYOKSANNYA follows a consonant or a shifter | ||
follows-consonant-depvowel-1-shifter | ✔ | ✔ | ((?<=([:consonant:]|[:dependent-vowel-1:]|[:shifter:]))⚓) |
WLE Rule 10: checks if 17C6 KHMER SIGN NIKAHIT follows a consonant or a dependent vowel-1 or a shifter | ||
follows-consonant-depvowel-2-shifter | ✔ | ✔ | ((?<=([:consonant:]|[:dependent-vowel-2:]|[:shifter:]))⚓) |
WLE Rule 11: checks if 17C7 KHMER SIGN REAHMUK follows a consonant or a dependent vowel-2 or a shifter | ||
follows-series-three | ✔ | ✔ | ((?<=[:series-three:])⚓) |
WLE Rule 12: checks if 17CB KHMER SIGN BANTOC code point follows a series-three consonant | ||
follows-consonant-or-vowel-i | ✔ | ✔ | ((?<=[:consonant:][:dependent-vowel-3:]?)⚓) |
WLE Rule 13: checks if 17CD KHMER SIGN TOANDAKHIAT follows a consonant or 17B7 KHMER VOWEL SIGN I (Dependent-vowel-3) |
Legend
The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels, based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.
# | Condition | Rule / Variant Set | Disposition | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | if label matches | leading-combining-mark | → | invalid | labels with leading combining marks are invalid ⍟ | |
2 | if at least one variant is in | {out-of-repertoire-var} | → | invalid | any variant label with a code point out of repertoire is invalid ⍟ | |
3 | if label matches | subscript-consonant-limit | → | invalid | any label with more than two subscript consonants in a row is invalid | |
4 | if at least one variant is in | {blocked} | → | blocked | any variant label containing blocked variants is blocked ⍟ | |
5 | if each variant is in | {allocatable} | → | allocatable | variant labels with all variants allocatable are allocatable ⍟ | |
6 | if any label (catch-all) | → | valid | catch all (default action) ⍟ |
Legend
Note: The following variant types are used in one or more actions, but are not defined in this LGR: out-of-repertoire-var, allocatable. This is not necessarily an error.
[3] | The Unicode Standard 3.1 Any code point cited was originally encoded in Unicode Version 3.0 |
[100] | The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 8.0.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2015. ISBN 978-1-936213-10-8), Chapter 16: Southeast Asia, section 16.4: Khmer, http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/ch16.pdf Subsection, Subscript Consonant Signs, pages 616-618 |
[203] | PRIMARY SCHOOL GRADE 1, MOEYS, ISBN 9-789-995-001-674, Publication 2015, Figure 1 Any code point cited is for consonant characters |
[204] | PRIMARY SCHOOL GRADE 1, MOEYS, ISBN 9-789-995-001-674, Publication 2015, Figure 2 Any code point cited is for vowel signs |
[205] | Dr. Prum Mol (Khmer Linguist), Grammar of Modern Khmer Language, Linguist of National Institute of Language, Royal Academy of Cambodia, 2006, page 37 Bantoc sign section starts towards the bottom of the page, page 38 list the context of the Bantoc sign BANTOC sign and its context |
[206] | PRIMARY SCHOOL GRADE 1, MOEYS, ISBN 9-789-995-001-674, Publication 2015, Figure 6 Any code point cited is for independent vowel characters |
[207] | PRIMARY SCHOOL GRADE 1, MOEYS, ISBN 9-789-995-001-674, Publication 2015, Figure 7 Any code point cited is for diacritics |
[208] | PRIMARY SCHOOL GRADE 1, MOEYS, ISBN 9-789-995-001-674, Publication 2015, Figure 8 Any code point cited is for diacritics |
[209] | PRIMARY SCHOOL GRADE 1, MOEYS, ISBN 9-789-995-001-674, Publication 2015, Figure 9 Any code point cited is for diacritics |
[210] | Franklin E. Huffman, Cambodian System of Writing and Beginning Reader, Yale University, 1970, reprinted 1987 Sets of codepoints used with certain signs |