This document is mechanically formatted from the XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.
Date | 2015-12-02 |
---|---|
LGR Version | 1 |
Language | und-Arab |
Scope | domain: "." (Root) |
Unicode Version | 6.3.0 |
For more details on this LGR and its development see TF-AIDN, "Proposal for Arabic Script Root Zone LGR", Version 3.4, 2015 November 18 [Proposal].
The repertoire is based on Section 3.2 in [Proposal] and only includes code points used by languages that are actively written in the Arabic script. It excludes code points for which TF-AIDN was unable to find sufficient evidence of use (see Appendix F in [Proposal]). The repertoire is based on [MSR-2], which is a subset of Unicode 6.3 [Unicode 6.3].
This LGR does not include combining marks or code point sequences. All combining marks have been excluded for these reasons:
First, they can significantly overproduce and would require additional rules to contain them effectively, complicating the design.
Second, even where they are required for some languages, they are optional for others.
Third, this also circumvents the issue raised by [IAB].
As part of the Root Zone, this LGR includes neither digits nor the HYPHEN-MINUS.
For further details, see Section 3.2 "Code point repertoire included", in [Proposal].
Each code point or range is tagged with the script or scripts that the code point is used with, and one or more references documenting sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire, see "References" below.
This LGR includes "blocked" and "allocatable" variants, assigned according to Section 4 "Final recommendation of variants for Top Level Domains (TLDs)" in [Proposal]. These recommendations balance the desire to minimize the number of possible allocatable variants with the need to keep the definition of variants simple. See also the comments given in the listing.
This LGR includes Whole Label Evaluation rules specific to the Arabic script. See Section 5 "Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) rules", in [Proposal]. As specified, the rules serve to prevent the mixing of two variants of the same code point within the same label. This has the effect of reducing overproduction of variant labels. See also the comments given for each rule or action.
The LGR includes the set of required default WLE rules and actions applicable to the Root Zone and defined in [MSR-2]. They are marked with ⍟.
The proposal for an Arabic Script Root Zone LGR [Proposal] that this LGR is based on, was developed by the Task Force for Arabic Script IDNs [TF-AIDN], based on multiple open public consultations.
For more information and for methodology and contributors see [Proposal].
In the listing of the repertoire, references [0] to [12] refer to Unicode Standard versions in which the corresponding code points were initially encoded. References [100] and above correspond to sources justifying the inclusion of the corresponding code points. Single code point or ranges may have multiple source reference values.
In addition the following references are cited in this document:
For more details for references [100] and up and [0] and up refer to the Table of References below.
Number of elements in Repertoire | 128 |
---|---|
Longest code point sequence | 1 |
The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where the comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed. For any code point or sequence for which a variant is defined, the link to the associated variant set, or if mapped to itself, the variant type of that mapping is provided in the optional Variants column.
Code Point |
Glyph | Script | Name | References | Variants | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U+0620 | ؠ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER KASHMIRI YEH | [11], [115] | ||
U+0621 | ء | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER HAMZA | [0], [100] | ||
U+0622 | آ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE | [0], [100] | set 1 | |
U+0623 | أ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE | [0], [100] | set 1 | |
U+0624 | ؤ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH HAMZA ABOVE | [0], [100] | set 2 | |
U+0625 | إ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW | [0], [100] | set 1 | |
U+0626 | ئ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE | [0], [100] | set 3 | |
U+0627 | ا | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER ALEF | [0], [100] | set 1 | |
U+0628 | ب | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER BEH | [0], [100] | ||
U+0629 | ة | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA | [0], [100] | set 4 | |
U+062A | ت | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER TEH | [0], [100] | set 5 | |
U+062B | ث | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER THEH | [0], [100] | set 6 | |
U+062C | ج | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER JEEM | [0], [100] | ||
U+062D | ح | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER HAH | [0], [100] | ||
U+062E | خ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER KHAH | [0], [100] | ||
U+062F | د | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER DAL | [0], [100] | ||
U+0630 | ذ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER THAL | [0], [100] | ||
U+0631 | ر | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER REH | [0], [100] | ||
U+0632 | ز | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER ZAIN | [0], [100] | ||
U+0633 | س | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER SEEN | [0], [100] | ||
U+0634 | ش | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER SHEEN | [0], [100] | ||
U+0635 | ص | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER SAD | [0], [100] | ||
U+0636 | ض | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER DAD | [0], [100] | ||
U+0637 | ط | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER TAH | [0], [100] | ||
U+0638 | ظ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER ZAH | [0], [100] | ||
U+0639 | ع | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER AIN | [0], [100] | ||
U+063A | غ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER GHAIN | [0], [100] | ||
U+0641 | ف | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER FEH | [0], [100] | set 7 | |
U+0642 | ق | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER QAF | [0], [100] | set 7 | |
U+0643 | ك | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER KAF | [0], [100] | set 8 | |
U+0644 | ل | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER LAM | [0], [100] | ||
U+0645 | م | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER MEEM | [0], [100] | ||
U+0646 | ن | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER NOON | [0], [100] | set 9 | |
U+0647 | ه | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER HEH | [0], [100] | set 4 | |
U+0648 | و | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER WAW | [0], [100] | set 2 | |
U+0649 | ى | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA | [0], [100] | set 3 | |
U+064A | ي | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER YEH | [0], [100] | set 3 | |
U+0672 | ٲ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA ABOVE | [0], [102] | set 1 | |
U+0679 | ٹ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER TTEH | [0], [112] | set 10 | |
U+067A | ٺ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER TTEHEH | [0], [111] | set 5 | |
U+067B | ٻ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER BEEH | [0], [111] | set 3 | |
U+067C | ټ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH RING | [0], [108] | ||
U+067D | ٽ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARDS | [0], [111] | set 6 | |
U+067E | پ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER PEH | [0], [109] | set 11 | |
U+067F | ٿ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER TEHEH | [0], [111] | ||
U+0680 | ڀ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER BEHEH | [0], [111] | ||
U+0681 | ځ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH HAMZA ABOVE | [0], [108], [138] | ||
U+0683 | ڃ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER NYEH | [0], [111] | set 12 | |
U+0684 | ڄ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER DYEH | [0], [111] | set 12 | |
U+0685 | څ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE | [0], [108], [138] | ||
U+0686 | چ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER TCHEH | [0], [109] | ||
U+0687 | ڇ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER TCHEHEH | [0], [111] | ||
U+0688 | ڈ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER DDAL | [0], [112] | ||
U+0689 | ډ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH RING | [0], [108], [138] | ||
U+068A | ڊ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH DOT BELOW | [0], [111] | ||
U+068B | ڋ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH DOT BELOW AND SMALL TAH | [0], [110], [139] | ||
U+068C | ڌ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER DAHAL | [0], [111] | ||
U+068D | ڍ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER DDAHAL | [0], [111] | ||
U+068E | ڎ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER DUL | [0], [137] | set 13 | |
U+068F | ڏ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARDS | [0], [111] | set 13 | |
U+0691 | ڑ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER RREH | [0], [112] | ||
U+0693 | ړ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER REH WITH RING | [0], [108], [138] | ||
U+0695 | ڕ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL V BELOW | [0], [106], [140] | ||
U+0696 | ږ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER REH WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE | [0], [108], [138] | ||
U+0697 | ڗ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER REH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE | [0], [119], [146] | ||
U+0698 | ژ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER JEH | [0], [112] | ||
U+0699 | ڙ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER REH WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE | [0], [111], [143] | ||
U+069A | ښ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE | [0], [108], [138] | ||
U+069F | ڟ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE | [0], [121], [123], [130] | ||
U+06A0 | ڠ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE | [0], [107], [129], [144] | ||
U+06A2 | ڢ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW | [0], [101], [130], [131], [132] | set 7 | |
U+06A4 | ڤ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER VEH | [0], [106], [107], [127], [140] | set 14 | |
U+06A6 | ڦ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER PEHEH | [0], [111] | ||
U+06A7 | ڧ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT ABOVE | [0], [101], [130], [131], [132] | set 7 | |
U+06A8 | ڨ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE | [0], [124] | set 14 | |
U+06A9 | ک | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER KEHEH | [0], [112] | set 8 | |
U+06AA | ڪ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER SWASH KAF | [0], [111] | set 8 | |
U+06AB | ګ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH RING | [0], [108], [138] | set 15 | |
U+06AD | ڭ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER NG | [0], [105], [114], [133], [134] | set 15 | |
U+06AE | ڮ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH THREE DOTS BELOW | [0], [116] | ||
U+06AF | گ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER GAF | [0], [109] | set 15 | |
U+06B0 | ڰ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH RING | [0], [110] | ||
U+06B1 | ڱ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER NGOEH | [0], [111] | ||
U+06B3 | ڳ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER GUEH | [0], [111] | ||
U+06B5 | ڵ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH SMALL V | [0], [106], [140] | ||
U+06BA | ں | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER NOON GHUNNA | [3], [112] | set 9 | |
U+06BB | ڻ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER RNOON | [3], [111] | set 10 | |
U+06BC | ڼ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH RING | [3], [108], [138] | ||
U+06BD | ڽ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE | [0], [107] | set 11 | |
U+06BE | ھ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER HEH DOACHASHMEE | [0], [112] | set 4 | |
U+06C0 | ۀ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER HEH WITH YEH ABOVE | [0], [116], [140] | set 4 | |
U+06C1 | ہ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL | [0], [112] | set 4 | |
U+06C2 | ۂ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL WITH HAMZA ABOVE | [0], [125], [135], [141] | set 4 | |
U+06C3 | ۃ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA GOAL | [0], [126] | set 4 | |
U+06C4 | ۄ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH RING | [0], [102] | ||
U+06C6 | ۆ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER OE | [0], [102], [140], [142] | ||
U+06CB | ۋ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER VE | [0], [103], [114], [136] | ||
U+06CC | ی | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH | [0], [112] | set 3 | |
U+06CD | ۍ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TAIL | [0], [108], [138] | set 3 | |
U+06CE | ێ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH SMALL V | [0], [127], [140] | ||
U+06CF | ۏ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH DOT ABOVE | [3], [107] | ||
U+06D0 | ې | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER E | [0], [108], [138] | set 3 | |
U+06D1 | ۑ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW | [0], [122] | set 11 | |
U+06D2 | ے | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE | [0], [112] | set 3 | |
U+06D5 | ە | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER AE | [0], [106], [114], [140] | set 4 | |
U+0751 | ݑ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH DOT BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE | [7], [121], [128], [130], [147] | ||
U+0752 | ݒ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW | [7], [113], [130] | set 11 | |
U+0756 | ݖ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL V | [7], [113], [120], [130] | ||
U+0760 | ݠ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW | [7], [121], [130] | ||
U+0762 | ݢ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH DOT ABOVE | [7], [118], [129] | ||
U+0763 | ݣ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE | [7], [118] | set 15 | |
U+0766 | ݦ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH DOT BELOW | [7], [116], [121] | ||
U+0767 | ݧ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH TWO DOTS BELOW | [7], [113], [120] | set 16 | |
U+0768 | ݨ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH SMALL TAH | [7], [145] | ||
U+076A | ݪ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH BAR | [7], [113], [116], [120] | ||
U+076E | ݮ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH BELOW | [9], [104] | ||
U+076F | ݯ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS | [9], [104] | ||
U+0770 | ݰ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS | [9], [104] | ||
U+0771 | ݱ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS | [9], [104] | ||
U+08A0 | ࢠ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL V BELOW | [12], [117] | ||
U+08A2 | ࢢ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER JEEM WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE | [12], [117] | ||
U+08A3 | ࢣ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE | [12], [113], [117] | ||
U+08A4 | ࢤ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE | [12], [116] | ||
U+08A5 | ࢥ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT BELOW | [12], [116] | ||
U+08A6 | ࢦ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH DOUBLE BAR | [12], [116] | ||
U+08A7 | ࢧ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE | [12], [116] | ||
U+08A8 | ࢨ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND HAMZA ABOVE | [12], [121] | ||
U+08A9 | ࢩ | Arabic | ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND DOT ABOVE | [12], [121] | set 16 |
Number of variant sets | 16 |
---|---|
Largest variant set | 8 |
Ordinary Variants by Type | allocatable (26) blocked (166) |
Reflexive Variants by Type |
The following tables list each pair of variant mappings on one row. For each pair of code points, by convention, the lower code point is taken as the source of the mapping in the forward → direction and the reverse direction ← is not listed separately. The variant mappings defined in an LGR are required to be symmetric, that is, both the forward and reverse mappings must be specified.
A mapping where source and target are the same is reflexive.Variant sets consisting of only a single reflexive mapping are not shown as a set. Instead, the variant type of the mapping is listed in the Variants column of the Repertoire by Code Point table. Reflexive mappings that are part of a larger set are indicated with a “≡”.
Where the type of both forward and reverse mappings are the same, a single value is given in the Type(s) column, otherwise the types for forward and reverse mapping are given in that order, as indicated by the arrows. The same applies to any comments.
In a properly specified LGR, all members of each variant set are variants of each other, a property called transitivity. Because of that, all variant sets are necessarily disjoint. In each set, shading is used to group mappings from the same source code point or sequence.
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type(s) | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0622 | آ | 0623 | أ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0622 | آ | 0625 | إ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0622 | آ | 0627 | ا | → | allocatable | U+0622 ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE is simplified to U+0627 ALEF in the Arabic language | |
← | blocked | ||||||
0622 | آ | 0672 | ٲ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0623 | أ | 0625 | إ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0623 | أ | 0627 | ا | → | allocatable | U+0623 ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE is simplified to U+0627 ALEF in the Arabic language | |
← | blocked | ||||||
0623 | أ | 0672 | ٲ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0625 | إ | 0627 | ا | → | allocatable | U+0625 ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW is simplified to U+0627 ALEF in the Arabic language | |
← | blocked | ||||||
0625 | إ | 0672 | ٲ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0627 | ا | 0672 | ٲ | → | blocked | ||
← | allocatable | U+0672 ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA ABOVE is simplified to U+0627 ALEF in the Kashmiri language |
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type(s) | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0624 | ؤ | 0648 | و | → | allocatable | U+0624 WAV WITH HAMZA ABOVE is simplified to U+0648 WAV in the Arabic language | |
← | blocked |
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type(s) | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0626 | ئ | 0649 | ى | ↔ | blocked | ||
0626 | ئ | 064A | ي | ↔ | blocked | ||
0626 | ئ | 067B | ٻ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0626 | ئ | 06CC | ی | ↔ | blocked | ||
0626 | ئ | 06CD | ۍ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0626 | ئ | 06D0 | ې | ↔ | blocked | ||
0626 | ئ | 06D2 | ے | ↔ | blocked | ||
0649 | ى | 064A | ي | ↔ | blocked | ||
0649 | ى | 067B | ٻ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0649 | ى | 06CC | ی | ↔ | blocked | ||
0649 | ى | 06CD | ۍ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0649 | ى | 06D0 | ې | ↔ | blocked | ||
0649 | ى | 06D2 | ے | ↔ | blocked | ||
064A | ي | 067B | ٻ | ↔ | blocked | ||
064A | ي | 06CC | ی | ↔ | allocatable | The two are visually identical and the same label could be typed using one or the other based on the set language settings and keyboard layout of a user | |
064A | ي | 06CD | ۍ | ↔ | blocked | ||
064A | ي | 06D0 | ې | ↔ | blocked | ||
064A | ي | 06D2 | ے | ↔ | blocked | ||
067B | ٻ | 06CC | ی | ↔ | blocked | ||
067B | ٻ | 06CD | ۍ | ↔ | blocked | ||
067B | ٻ | 06D0 | ې | ↔ | blocked | ||
067B | ٻ | 06D2 | ے | ↔ | blocked | ||
06CC | ی | 06CD | ۍ | ↔ | blocked | ||
06CC | ی | 06D0 | ې | ↔ | blocked | ||
06CC | ی | 06D2 | ے | ↔ | blocked | ||
06CD | ۍ | 06D0 | ې | ↔ | blocked | ||
06CD | ۍ | 06D2 | ے | ↔ | blocked | ||
06D0 | ې | 06D2 | ے | ↔ | blocked |
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type(s) | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0629 | ة | 0647 | ه | → | allocatable | In the Arabic language, U+0647 HEH may be substituted for U+0629 TEH MARBUTA. [RFC 6365] | |
← | blocked | ||||||
0629 | ة | 06BE | ھ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0629 | ة | 06C0 | ۀ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0629 | ة | 06C1 | ہ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0629 | ة | 06C2 | ۂ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0629 | ة | 06C3 | ۃ | ↔ | allocatable | The two are visually identical and the same label could be typed using one or the other based on the set language settings and keyboard layout of a user. Labels in the Arabic language using U+0629 TEH MARBUTA in the final and isolated positions will be typed in other languages using U+06C3 TEH MARBUTA GOAL (Urdu, etc.) which is identical in isolated and has a variant glyph or identical glyph form in final position | |
0629 | ة | 06D5 | ە | ↔ | blocked | ||
0647 | ه | 06BE | ھ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0647 | ه | 06C0 | ۀ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0647 | ه | 06C1 | ہ | ↔ | allocatable | Labels in the Arabic language using U+0647 HEH in the final and isolated positions will be typed in other languages using U+06C1 HEH GOAL (Urdu, Pashto, Saraiki, etc.) which is identical in isolated and has a variant glyph or identical glyph form in final position | |
0647 | ه | 06C2 | ۂ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0647 | ه | 06C3 | ۃ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0647 | ه | 06D5 | ە | ↔ | blocked | ||
06BE | ھ | 06C0 | ۀ | ↔ | blocked | ||
06BE | ھ | 06C1 | ہ | ↔ | blocked | ||
06BE | ھ | 06C2 | ۂ | ↔ | blocked | ||
06BE | ھ | 06C3 | ۃ | ↔ | blocked | ||
06BE | ھ | 06D5 | ە | ↔ | blocked | ||
06C0 | ۀ | 06C1 | ہ | ↔ | blocked | ||
06C0 | ۀ | 06C2 | ۂ | ↔ | blocked | ||
06C0 | ۀ | 06C3 | ۃ | ↔ | blocked | ||
06C0 | ۀ | 06D5 | ە | → | allocatable | U+06C0 HEH WITH YEH ABOVE is simplified to U+0647 HEH in some languages (Kurdish) | |
← | blocked | ||||||
06C1 | ہ | 06C2 | ۂ | → | blocked | ||
← | allocatable | U+06C2 HEH GOAL WITH HAMZA ABOVE is simplified to U+06C1 HEH GOAL in Urdu | |||||
06C1 | ہ | 06C3 | ۃ | ↔ | blocked | This is not allocatable in either direction because, unlike the allocatable relationship between U+0647 HEH and U+0629 TEH MARBUTA due to variation in the Arabic language, Urdu and other languages using U+06C1 HEH GOAL do not exhibit such variation with U+06C3 TEH MARBUTA GOAL | |
06C1 | ہ | 06D5 | ە | ↔ | blocked | ||
06C2 | ۂ | 06C3 | ۃ | ↔ | blocked | ||
06C2 | ۂ | 06D5 | ە | ↔ | blocked | ||
06C3 | ۃ | 06D5 | ە | ↔ | blocked |
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type(s) | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
062A | ت | 067A | ٺ | ↔ | blocked |
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type(s) | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
062B | ث | 067D | ٽ | ↔ | blocked |
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type(s) | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0641 | ف | 0642 | ق | ↔ | blocked | ||
0641 | ف | 06A2 | ڢ | ↔ | allocatable | Used interchangeably in Africa for languages using Western (African) orthography | |
0641 | ف | 06A7 | ڧ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0642 | ق | 06A2 | ڢ | ↔ | blocked | ||
0642 | ق | 06A7 | ڧ | ↔ | allocatable | Used interchangeably in Africa for languages using Western (African) orthography | |
06A2 | ڢ | 06A7 | ڧ | ↔ | blocked |
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type(s) | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0643 | ك | 06A9 | ک | ↔ | allocatable | The two have identical shapes in initial and medial positions and are used by different language communities to refer to the same letter | |
0643 | ك | 06AA | ڪ | ↔ | allocatable | The two have similar (interchangeable) shapes in initial and medial positions and are used by different language communities to refer to the same letter | |
06A9 | ک | 06AA | ڪ | ↔ | allocatable | The two have similar (interchangeable) shapes in initial and medial positions and are used by different language communities to refer to the same letter |
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type(s) | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0646 | ن | 06BA | ں | ↔ | allocatable | Used interchangeably in Africa for languages using Western (African) orthography |
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type(s) | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0679 | ٹ | 06BB | ڻ | ↔ | blocked |
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type(s) | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
067E | پ | 06BD | ڽ | ↔ | blocked | ||
067E | پ | 06D1 | ۑ | ↔ | blocked | ||
067E | پ | 0752 | ݒ | ↔ | blocked | ||
06BD | ڽ | 06D1 | ۑ | ↔ | blocked | ||
06BD | ڽ | 0752 | ݒ | ↔ | blocked | ||
06D1 | ۑ | 0752 | ݒ | ↔ | blocked |
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type(s) | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0683 | ڃ | 0684 | ڄ | ↔ | blocked |
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type(s) | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
068E | ڎ | 068F | ڏ | ↔ | blocked |
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type(s) | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
06A4 | ڤ | 06A8 | ڨ | ↔ | blocked |
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type(s) | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
06AB | ګ | 06AD | ڭ | ↔ | blocked | ||
06AB | ګ | 06AF | گ | ↔ | blocked | U+06AB KAF WITH RING interchangeably used in Pashto with U+06AF GAF | |
06AB | ګ | 0763 | ݣ | ↔ | blocked | ||
06AD | ڭ | 06AF | گ | ↔ | blocked | ||
06AD | ڭ | 0763 | ݣ | ↔ | blocked | ||
06AF | گ | 0763 | ݣ | ↔ | blocked | Iraqi Arabic uses U+06AF GAF, whereas Moroccan Arabic uses U+0763 KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE |
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type(s) | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0767 | ݧ | 08A9 | ࢩ | ↔ | blocked |
The following table lists all top-level classes with a list of their members (for larger classes, this list is elided).
Name | Definition | Count | Members or Ranges | References | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
implicit | Tag=sc:Arab | 128 Elements: | {0620-063A 0641-064A 0672 0679-0681 0683-068F 0691 0693 0695-069A 069F-06A0 06A2 06A4 06A6-06AB ...} |
A "Tag=" in the Definition column indicates a class defined by all code points that share the given tag value, while "Prop=" indicates a class defined by reference to a property. Other types of classes may be defined by explicitly listing their members, or by set combination of existing classes. Tag-based classes not named in the LGR are nevertheless defined implicitly. A hyphen between code point values in the Members or Ranges column indicates a range of code points. Any classes too numerous to list in full are elided with "...".
The following table lists all the top-level, or named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point. (Any use of context rules for variants is not indicated).
Name | Used as Trigger |
Used as Context |
Anchor | Regex | Ref | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
leading-combining-mark | ✔ | (^[∅]) |
default WLE rule matching labels with leading combining marks ⍟ | |||
no-mix-teh-marbuta-goal | ✔ | (((\u0629.*\u06C3)|(\u06C3.*\u0629))) |
do not mix Arabic letters TEH MARBUTA and FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW in the same label | |||
no-mix-feh-with-dot-moved-below | ✔ | (((\u0641.*\u06A2)|(\u06A2.*\u0641))) |
do not mix Arabic letters FEH and FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW in the same label | |||
no-mix-feh-qaf-with-dot-above | ✔ | (((\u0641.*\u06A7)|(\u06A7.*\u0641))) |
do not mix Arabic letters FEH and QAF WITH DOT ABOVE in the same label | |||
no-mix-qaf-with-dot-above | ✔ | (((\u0642.*\u06A7)|(\u06A7.*\u0642))) |
do not mix Arabic letters QAF and QAF WITH DOT ABOVE in the same label | |||
no-mix-kaf-keheh | ✔ | (((\u0643.*\u06A9)|(\u06A9.*\u0643))) |
do not mix Arabic letters KAF and KEHEH in the same label | |||
no-mix-kaf-swash | ✔ | (((\u0643.*\u06AA)|(\u06AA.*\u0643))) |
do not mix Arabic letters KAF and SWASH KAF in the same label | |||
no-mix-heh-doachashmee | ✔ | (((\u0647.*\u06BE)|(\u06BE.*\u0647))) |
do not mix Arabic letters HEH and HEH DOACHASHMEE in the same label | |||
no-mix-heh-goal | ✔ | (((\u0647.*\u06C1)|(\u06C1.*\u0647))) |
do not mix Arabic letters HEH and HEH GOAL in the same label | |||
no-mix-heh-ae | ✔ | (((\u0647.*\u06D5)|(\u06D5.*\u0647))) |
do not mix Arabic letters HEH and AE in the same label | |||
no-mix-alef-maksura-farsi-yeh | ✔ | (((\u0649.*\u06CC)|(\u06CC.*\u0649))) |
do not mix Arabic letters ALEF MAKSURA and FARSI YEH in the same label | |||
no-mix-peh-noon-with-three-dots-above | ✔ | (((\u067E.*\u06BD)|(\u06BD.*\u067E))) |
do not mix Arabic letters PEH and NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE in the same label | |||
no-mix-kaf-with-ring-gaf | ✔ | (((\u06AB.*\u06AF)|(\u06AF.*\u06AB))) |
do not mix Arabic letters KAF WITH RING and GAF in the same label | |||
no-mix-kaf-with-ring-keheh-with-three-dots-above | ✔ | (((\u06AB.*\u0763)|(\u0763.*\u06AB))) |
do not mix Arabic letters KAF WITH RING and KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE | |||
no-mix-gaf-keheh-with-three-dots-above | ✔ | (((\u06AF.*\u0763)|(\u0763.*\u06AF))) |
do not mix Arabic letters GAF and KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE in the same label | |||
no-mix-noon-with-three-dots-above-yeh-with-three-dots-below | ✔ | (((\u06BD.*\u06D1)|(\u06D1.*\u06BD))) |
do not mix Arabic letters NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE and YEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW in the same label | |||
no-mix-heh-goal-ae | ✔ | (((\u06C1.*\u06D5)|(\u06D5.*\u06C1))) |
do not mix Arabic letters HEH GOAL and AE in the same label |
Any charsets listed as part of a rule in the Regex column are only showing members that are also part of the repertoire in this LGR. Any resulting empty sets are indicated by [∅]; unless the set is optional, the rule will never match. Any sets too numerous to list in full are elided with "...". Default WLE Rules are marked with ⍟.
The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels, based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.
# | Condition | Rule / Variant Set | Disposition | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | if label matches | leading-combining-mark | → | invalid | labels with leading combining marks are invalid ⍟ | |
2 | if at least one variant is in | {out-of-repertoire-var} | → | invalid | any variant label with a code point out of repertoire is invalid ⍟ | |
3 | if label matches | no-mix-teh-marbuta-goal | → | invalid | do not mix Arabic letters TEH MARBUTA and FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW in the same label | |
4 | if label matches | no-mix-feh-with-dot-moved-below | → | invalid | do not mix Arabic letters FEH and FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW in the same label | |
5 | if label matches | no-mix-feh-qaf-with-dot-above | → | invalid | do not mix Arabic letters FEH and QAF WITH DOT ABOVE in the same label | |
6 | if label matches | no-mix-qaf-with-dot-above | → | invalid | do not mix Arabic letters QAF and QAF WITH DOT ABOVE in the same label | |
7 | if label matches | no-mix-kaf-keheh | → | invalid | do not mix Arabic letters KAF and KEHEH in the same label | |
8 | if label matches | no-mix-kaf-swash | → | invalid | do not mix Arabic letters KAF and SWASH KAF in the same label | |
9 | if label matches | no-mix-heh-doachashmee | → | invalid | do not mix Arabic letters HEH and HEH DOACHASHMEE in the same label | |
10 | if label matches | no-mix-heh-goal | → | invalid | do not mix Arabic letters HEH and HEH GOAL in the same label | |
11 | if label matches | no-mix-heh-ae | → | invalid | do not mix Arabic letters HEH and AE in the same label | |
12 | if label matches | no-mix-alef-maksura-farsi-yeh | → | invalid | do not mix Arabic letters ALEF MAKSURA and FARSI YEH in the same label | |
13 | if label matches | no-mix-peh-noon-with-three-dots-above | → | invalid | do not mix Arabic letters PEH and NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE in the same label | |
14 | if label matches | no-mix-kaf-with-ring-gaf | → | invalid | do not mix Arabic letters KAF WITH RING and GAF in the same label | |
15 | if label matches | no-mix-kaf-with-ring-keheh-with-three-dots-above | → | invalid | do not mix Arabic letters KAF WITH RING and KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE | |
16 | if label matches | no-mix-gaf-keheh-with-three-dots-above | → | invalid | do not mix Arabic letters GAF and KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE in the same label | |
17 | if label matches | no-mix-noon-with-three-dots-above-yeh-with-three-dots-below | → | invalid | do not mix Arabic letters NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE and YEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW in the same label | |
18 | if label matches | no-mix-heh-goal-ae | → | invalid | do not mix Arabic letters HEH GOAL and AE in the same label | |
19 | if at least one variant is in | {blocked} | → | blocked | variant labels containing blocked variants are blocked ⍟ | |
20 | if each variant is in | {allocatable} | → | allocatable | variant labels with all variants allocatable are allocatable ⍟ | |
21 | if any label (catch-all) | → | valid | catch all (default action) ⍟ |
In the Rule or Variant Set column the notation {...} means a set of variant types, ⍟ marks a default action.
The following variant types are used in one or more actions, but are not defined in this LGR: out-of-repertoire-var. This is not necessarily an error.
[0] | The Unicode Standard 1.1 |
[3] | The Unicode Standard 3.0 |
[7] | The Unicode Standard 4.1 |
[9] | The Unicode Standard 5.1 |
[11] | The Unicode Standard 6.0 |
[12] | The Unicode Standard 6.1 |
[100] | RFC 5564 Linguistic Guidelines for the Use of the Arabic Language in Internet Domains https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5564 |
[101] | Omniglot Hausa http://omniglot.com/writing/hausa.htm |
[102] | Omniglot Kashmiri http://omniglot.com/writing/kashmiri.htm |
[103] | Omniglot Kazakh http://omniglot.com/writing/kazakh.htm |
[104] | Omniglot Khowar http://omniglot.com/writing/khowar.htm |
[105] | Omniglot Kirghiz http://omniglot.com/writing/kirghiz.htm |
[106] | Omniglot Kurdish http://omniglot.com/writing/kurdish.htm |
[107] | Omniglot Malay http://omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |
[108] | Omniglot Pashto http://omniglot.com/writing/pashto.htm |
[109] | Omniglot Persian(Farsi) http://omniglot.com/writing/persian.htm |
[110] | Omniglot Saraiki http://omniglot.com/writing/saraiki.htm |
[111] | Omniglot Sindhi http://omniglot.com/writing/sindhi.htm |
[112] | Omniglot Urdu http://omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm |
[113] | Omniglot Wolof http://omniglot.com/writing/wolof.htm |
[114] | Omniglot Uyghur http://omniglot.com/writing/Uyghur.htm |
[115] | Unicode, Kashmiri, Yeh http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2009/09215-kashmiri.pdf |
[116] | Unicode, Chad ANT, pp. 19-20 http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10288r-arabic-proposal.pdf |
[117] | Unicode, DPLN, p.21 http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10288r-arabic-proposal.pdf |
[118] | Unicode, Jawi and Moroccan Arabic GAF, http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03176-gafs.pdf |
[119] | Unicode, Chadian, p.5 http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10288r-arabic-proposal.pdf |
[120] | Wolof, Paul Timothy http://paul-timothy.net/pages/ajamisenegal/primers/je_sais_le_wolofal_harmattan_20-oct-2015_a4.pdf |
[121] | Hausa, pp. 261-289 Warren-Rothlin, Andy (2014): West African scripts and Arabic-script orthographies in socio-political context. Meikal Mumin, Kees (C.) H. Versteegh (Eds.): The Arabic script in Africa. Studies in the use of a writing system. Leiden, Boston: Brill (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics, 71) |
[122] | Mandika, Bamana, pp. 225-260 Vydrin, Valentin Feodos'evich; Dumestre, Gérard (2014): Manding Ajami samples. In Meikal Mumin, Kees (C.) H. Versteegh (Eds.): The Arabic script in Africa. Studies in the use of a writing system. Leiden, Boston: Brill (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics, 71) |
[123] | Ethiopian, Wetter, Andreas (2006): Arabic in Ethiopia. In Kees (C.) H. Versteegh (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics. Volume I. A-Ed, vol. 2. With assistance of Mushira Eid, Alaa Elgibali, Manfred Woidich, Andrzej Zaborksi. Leiden: E. J. Brill, pp. 51-56. |
[124] | Western Arabic, Qaf with three dots above, city of Gabes, Tunisia |
[125] | Urdu, Heh goal with hamza above, Section 3 in http://www.columbia.edu/~mk2580/urdu_section/handouts/izafat.pdf |
[126] | Urdu, Teh marbuta goal, Code point UZT 76 of Urdu Zabta Takhti 1.01, the official code page standard for Govt. of Pakistan, approved in 2001; see http://cle.org.pk/Publication/papers/2001/uzt1.01.pdf |
[127] | Kurdish-Sorani, p.7 in http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~iranian/Sorani/sorani_1_grammar.pdf |
[128] | Wolof, Beh with dot below and three dots above, WOLOFAL ORTHOGRAPHY by Galen Currah, revised 20 May 2011 |
[129] | Malay, Jawi Keyboard standard by Department of Standards Malaysia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawi_keyboard, accessed on 13 November 2015 |
[130] | Ajami usage, Language planning in West Africa - who writes the script?" by FREDERIKE LÜPKE; http://www.elpublishing.org/docs/1/02/ldd02_08.pdf |
[131] | Fulfulde, http://www.silcam.org/documents/AlphabetandOrthographyStatementforFulfuldeFUBAjamiyafortheinternet.pdf |
[132] | Hausa, Newspapers and books published in Hausa using Arabic script, http://aflang.humnet.ucla.edu/Hausa/Pronunciation/writing.html |
[133] | Kyrgyz, http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kir |
[134] | Kyrgyz, http://www.ethnologue.com/country/CN/languages |
[135] | Urdu, http://www.bbc.com/urdu |
[136] | Wikipedia: "Kyrgyz alphabets", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets, accessed on 13 November 2015 |
[137] | Malay, Information technology - Jawi coded character set for information interchange MS 2443:2012, Department of Standards, Malaysia. http://www.standardsmalaysia.gov.my |
[138] | Pashto Academy Peshawar University |
[139] | Saraiki, https://id-id.facebook.com/jhoke.saraiki |
[140] | Kurdish, http://www.kurdpress.com/ |
[141] | Internet Architecture Board (IAB), "IAB Statement on Identifiers and Unicode 7.0.0"
https://www.iab.org/documents/correspondence-reports-documents/2015-2/iab-statement-on-identifiers-and-unicode-7-0-0/ Combining Hamza not recommended for use by IAB statement and combining marks not included by TF-AIDN; So combined form needs to be included |
[142] | An introduction to Latin script Uughur: by Waris Abdukerim Janbaz State Library of Victoria |
[143] | Torwali online and printed dictionaries |
[144] | Wikipedia: "Jawi keyboard" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawi_keyboard, accessed on 13 November 2015 |
[145] | Wikipedia: "Saraiki alphapbet" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraiki_alphabet, accessed on 13 November 2015 |
[146] | ANT (Alphabet National du Tchad) is the national standard for Chad/Tchad; See Figures in L2/10-288R (used for “tr” sound as given in the table in Section 6.1.2): http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10288r-arabic-proposal.pdf and Appendix B |
[147] | Wolof, http://www.openbookpublishers.com/htmlreader/978-1-78374-062-8/11.Ngom.xhtml#_idTextAnchor144 |