Skip to main content
Resources

GCCIX, W.L.L. (.GCC)

Claimant's Sur-Reply in Opposition to ICANN's Motion to Dismiss

26 April 2024

ICANN's Reply in Support of Its Motion to Dismiss

5 April 2024

Claimant's Opposition to ICANN's Motion to Dismiss

15 March 2024

Procedural Order No. 7

17 February 2024

ICANN's Motion to Dismiss

5 February 2024

ICANN's Response to Second Amended IRP Request

5 February 2024

Claimant's Second Amended IRP Request

5 February 2024

Procedural Order No. 6

22 November 2023

Procedural Order No. 5

12 December 2022

Procedural Order No. 4

14 July 2022

ICANN's Response to Amended IRP Request

10 June 2022

Claimant's Amended IRP Request

19 May 2022

Procedural Order No. 3

28 April 2022

Procedural Order No. 2

 21 April 2022

ICANN's Sur-Reply in Opposition to Claimant's Application to Review Emergency Panelist's Interim Order

 17 March 2022

Claimant's Sur-Reply in Opposition to ICANN's Application to Stay the IRP

 17 March 2022
ICANN's Reply in Support of Application to Stay the IRP 10 March 2022
Claimant's Reply in Support of Application to Review Emergency Panelist's Interim Order 10 March 2022

ICANN's Opposition to Claimant's Application to Review Emergency Panelist's Order

 3 March 2022

Claimant's Opposition to ICANN's Application to Stay the IRP

 3 March 2022

ICANN's Application to Stay the IRP

 10 February 2022
Claimant's Application to Review Emergency Panelist's Interim Order 10 February 2022
Procedural Order No. 1 7 February 2022

ICANN's Response to Claimant's Request for IRP

 27 December 2021

Claimant's Request for Independent Review Process (Excised Pursuant to Order of the Emergency Panelist)

 10 December 2021
Order of the Emergency Panelist 9 December 2021
9 June 2021

A note about our terms of service:

We have updated our electronic terms of service to provide greater transparency and align with laws applicable to us. Learn more.

This site uses cookies to deliver an efficient user experience and to help us see how the site is used. Learn more.OK

Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."